Tongue-tie, medically referred to as ankyloglossia, is a condition identified at birth that can potentially interfere with a newborn’s ability to breastfeed efficiently and, subsequently, affect their oral development. This condition is characterised by an unusually short, tight lingual frenulum, the thin strip of tissue that connects the underside of the tongue to the floor of the mouth. This anatomical peculiarity restricts the tongue's mobility, which can lead to various challenges in a newborn’s early life.
Tongue-tie what do we know?
Tongue-tie affects approximately 4-10% of newborns worldwide. Despite its relatively common occurrence, the severity and implications of tongue-tie can vary significantly from one infant to another, making it a condition that warrants a tailored approach to management and treatment.
How do I know my baby has tongue-tie?
For new parents understanding the signs of tongue-tie is crucial. The most apparent symptoms of tongue-tie in infants include:
Difficulty latching: The infant struggles to latch onto the breast or a bottle due to limited tongue movement.
Nipple pain and damage: The restricted movement of the baby’s tongue can lead to a shallow latch during breastfeeding, which may cause significant nipple pain and trauma.
Frequent and prolonged feeding sessions: Babies with tongue-tie may take longer to feed and may require more frequent feedings to intake sufficient milk.
Inadequate weight gain: Due to difficulties in extracting milk efficiently, a baby with tongue-tie might experience less than optimal weight gain.
These symptoms not only affect the baby’s health but can also lead to stress and discomfort for the nursing mother, impacting her experience of breastfeeding and bonding with the baby.
Medical perspectives on treatment
The decision to treat tongue-tie is guided by the severity of the symptoms and their impact on the baby’s feeding efficacy and comfort. The main treatments for tongue-tie include:
Observation: In cases where the symptoms of tongue-tie are mild, healthcare providers may recommend a wait-and-see approach. As the child grows, the frenulum may stretch or the oral cavity enlarges adequately to compensate for the restriction.
Frenotomy: This minor surgical procedure involves cutting the tight frenulum. It is often performed quickly and without anaesthesia in a doctor’s office or hospital setting. A frenotomy can result in immediate improvement in the baby’s ability to latch properly, thereby enhancing breastfeeding effectiveness and maternal comfort.
Dr. Sarah Mitchell, a leading Australian paediatrician, states, "A frenotomy can be transformative for both mother and child when tongue-tie severely impacts breastfeeding. It's a straightforward procedure with minimal risks involved." This sentiment is echoed in the care guidelines provided by various Australian paediatric organisations.
Controversies and considerations
Recent years have seen a surge in the diagnosis of tongue-tie, accompanied by an increase in the number of frenotomies performed. This trend has sparked a debate within the medical community regarding the potential for overdiagnosis and the necessity of surgical interventions. A 2019 study revealed that a significant percentage of infants recommended for a frenotomy did not show improvement in breastfeeding outcomes post-procedure, highlighting the importance of accurate diagnosis and conservative management.
In light of these findings, many healthcare providers advocate for a comprehensive assessment by a multidisciplinary team, including lactation consultants and paediatricians, before proceeding with surgery. This team approach ensures that all potential feeding issues are addressed, and that interventions are reserved for those who are most likely to benefit from them.
Expert advice
According to the Raising Children Network, an Australian parenting website, "While tongue-tie can be associated with breastfeeding difficulties, it's not always the sole cause. Comprehensive feeding assessments and support from lactation consultants can help to distinguish between issues caused by tongue-tie and other breastfeeding challenges."
This statement highlights the essential role of thorough evaluation and support in managing tongue-tie, underscoring the need for a cautious and informed approach to treatment.
Understanding and addressing tongue-tie in newborns is a critical aspect of ensuring optimal early child development and maternal well-being. While the condition is common, its impact varies, and thus, management should be individualised based on the specific needs of the child and the family.
